Effect of Ultraviolet Photofunctionalization of Titanium Dental Implants on the Stability, Osseointegration Speed and Crestal Bone Loss in Controlled Diabetic Patients: A Split Mouth Randomized Clinical Trial
Our objective was to evaluate and compare the effects of UV photofunctionalized (UVP) dental implants on implant stability, osseointegration, and radiographical bone changes with non-UV photofunctionalized (NUVP) dental implants placed in controlled diabetics. Participants were selected using stratified random sampling to ensure proportional representation of age groups, gender, and other relevant subgroups within the controlled diabetic population. The sites were randomly allocated into UVP and NUVP groups. In the UVP group, implants were photofunctionalized in a UV activator for 20 seconds before implant placement. Crestal bone changes were measured at 3- and 9-months postimplant placement. Descriptive statistics and paired t-tests were done to analyze intragroup and intergroup comparison study data. Implant stability and osseointegration were assessed using implant stability quotient (ISQ) and osseointegration index (OSI) immediately after implant placement and 3 months postplacement. Intragroup comparison of ISQ showed significantly higher ISQ (P = <.029) in the UVP group (4.40 ± 1.89) compared with the NUVP group (2.60 ± 1.17). The mean change in implant stability from baseline to 3 months was also significantly higher (P = .29) in the UVP group (4.4 ± 1.89) compared with the NUVP group (2.6 ± 1.17). A significantly higher mean OSI (P = .032) was noted in the UVP group (1.42 ± 0.62) compared with the NUVP group (0.84 ± 0.39). On comparison of mean crestal bone changes on the distal aspect, significantly higher mean bone loss (P = .003) was noted at 9 months in the NUVP group (0.64 ± 0.18) compared with the UVP group (0.35 ± 0.08). The UVP group showed greater benefits in enhanced secondary stability, higher OSI, and less crestal bone loss compared with the NUVP group in controlled diabetic patients.
CONSORT flow chart.
Test group (UVP). (a) Preoperative clinical view of edentulous site; (b) preoperative radiograph view of edentulous site 25,26; (c) full thickness mucoperiosteal flap elevation; (d) photofunctionalization of implants in UV Activator; (e) implants placed; (f) RFA evaluation; (g) flap approximation with simple interrupted sutures; (h) implant loading done using screw retained crowns.
Test group (UVP). (a) Crestal bone level of 10.5 mm and 11 mm on mesial and distal sides respectively in relation to 25; (b) crestal bone loss of 0.2 and 0.3 mm in relation to 25 on mesial and distal aspects at 3-mo evaluation; (c) crestal bone loss of 0.3 and 0.45 mm on mesial and distal aspects from baseline to 9 mo, respectively in relation to 25.
Control group (NUVP). (a) Preoperative clinical view of edentulous site; (b) preoperative radiograph view of edentulous site 26; (c) full thickness mucoperiosteal flap elevation; (d) osteotomy site preparation; (e) implant placed; (f) flap approximation with simple interrupted sutures; (g) implant loading done using screw retained crowns.
NUVP group. (a) Crestal bone level of 10 mm on both mesial and distal sides in relation to 26; (b) crestal bone loss of 0.29 mm in relation to 26 on both mesial and distal aspects at 3-mo evaluation; (c) crestal bone loss of 0.44 and 0.63 mm on mesial and distal aspects from baseline to 9 mo, respectively in relation to 26.
Comparison of implant stability between the study sites.
Intragroup comparison of implant stability between time points.
Comparison of mean crestal bone levels between the study sites on the mesial side.
Comparison of mean crestal bone levels between the study sites on the distal side.
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