ABSTRACT

Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) has emerged as an alternative to autogenous bone grafts in maxillofacial surgery, reducing donor-site morbidity while promoting osteoinduction. This case report evaluates the 10-year outcomes of rhBMP-2 use for mandibular bone regeneration in a 55-year-old male with extensive periapical osteolytic lesions on teeth #s 23, 24, 25, and 26 linked to childhood trauma. Following extraction, curettage, and rhBMP-2 grafting with a collagen membrane and titanium mesh, three implants (2.9 x 12 mm) were placed after six months, followed by osseointegration and a connective tissue graft for prosthetic rehabilitation. Over 10 years, clinical and radiographic assessments indicated stable bone levels (<1 mm crestal loss) and implant success, with no complications reported despite acknowledged risks of edema or carcinogenesis. This case aligns with the literature supporting rhBMP-2’s efficacy (81.4‥ bone regeneration success) and underscores the importance of delivery systems in optimizing outcomes. Continued research investigating dosing and carriers is warranted to enhance its application in implant dentistry.