Editorial Type:
Article Category: Research Article
 | 
Online Publication Date: 14 Sept 2023

Insertion Torque and Resonance Frequency Analysis in Tapered and Parallel Dental Implants

DDS, PhD,
DDS, PhD,
DDS,
DDS,
DDS,
DDS, and
MD, DDS, PhD
Page Range: 347 – 354
DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-D-21-00305
Save
Download PDF

Primary implant stability (PIS) is known to vary with recipient bone mass and density, dental implant design and surgical technique. The objective of this preliminary study was to compare rotational and lateral PIS of same-coronal-diameter conical and parallel implants, using insertion torque recorded with a dental implant motor set and implant stability quotient obtained from resonance frequency analysis (performed with both Osstell and Penguin systems) as measures of rotational and lateral stability, respectively. Additionally, the relationship between PIS and alveolar ridge width (ARW) was explored in both implant types. Sixty dental implants (30 tapered and 30 parallel) were randomly placed with a split-mouth design in 17 patients. Bone density and ARW were estimated from cone beam computed tomography images taken with radiological-surgical templates. Density and width values were similar in the 2 groups (P > .05). Implant coronal diameters were 3.75 mm in all cases, while consistent with the manufacturer’s recommendations, final drill bit diameters used were 3.25 and 3.4 mm for parallel and tapered implants, respectively. Insertion torque was higher (P < .05) with parallel implants, but between-group differences in implant stability quotient were not significant (P > .05). In tapered implants, insertion torque was inversely correlated with ARW (P < .001). Notably, significant differences were observed between resonance frequency analysis values from Osstell and Penguin systems (P < .001). In conclusion, future studies should explore how PIS may be influenced by final drill bit size regardless of implant design and potential limits on the effectiveness of tapered implants to achieve good stability in thick low-density bone.

Figure 1.
Figure 1.

Preoperative computed tomography image. Example of a 3.75 × 10 mm implant (from the BTI Scan 3 database) superimposed on a cross-section at the alveolar ridge corresponding to the implant placement area, appropriately inclined and 1 mm below the bone crest.


Figure 2.
Figure 2.

Protocol for preparing the implant bed for a tapered (RSX) implant (upper row) and a parallel (SCX) implant (lower row). Note that the diameter of the final drill bit was 3.25 and 3.4 mm for SCX and RSX implants, respectively.


Figure 3.
Figure 3.

Plots of insertion torque as a function of implant time for a tapered (RSX) implant (left) and a parallel (SCX) implant (right) obtained with the iChiropro implant motor set.


Contributor Notes

Corresponding author, e-mail: jeo161@hotmail.com
  • Download PDF