Heat and Sound Generation During Implant Osteotomy When Using Different Types of Drills in Artificial and Bovine Bone Blocks
The purpose of this study was to compare heat and sound generated during implant osteotomy when different types of drill were used in artificial bone and bovine bone blocks. A total of 80 implant osteotomies were formed using 4 implant drilling systems: N1 (OsseoShaper) (Nobel), NobelActive (Nobel), V3 (MIS), and BLX (Straumann) in both artificial bone and bovine bone blocks. Thermocouple probes were used to record temperature change at the depths of 5.0 mm and 13.0 mm of each implant osteotomy formed by the final drill. In addition, thermographic images, drilling sound, and drilling time were recorded and evaluated. Statistical analyses were performed at α = 0.05. The mean temperature changes as recorded by thermocouple probes and thermocamera were significantly lower in OsseoShaper than most other drill-bone combinations (P < .05). The mean drilling times and sound generation for OsseoShaper were significantly higher and lower than most other drill-bone combinations (P < .05), respectively. Minimal heat and sound generation can be expected when implant osteotomies are performed using OsseoShaper at a low rotational speed (50 rpm) even without irrigation. However, extended drilling time is required.
Figure 1. Cross-sectional and side views of 4 different final drills with different flute geometry, drill cutting angle and drill design. D1: N1 (OsseoShaper 3.8 mm). D2: Nobel Active (twist step drill 3.2/3.6 mm). D3: V3 (MIS conical step drill 2.9/3.8 mm). D4: BLX (Straumann X VeloDrill drill 3.7 mm).
Figure 2. Left: Artificial bone (BA) and Right: bovine bone ribs (BB) that were used.
Diagram displaying 8 drill-bone (DB) combinations.
Figure 4. Preparation of depth and distance of drilling channels in BA and BB samples.
Figure 5. Diagram illustrating drilling depth and distance of thermocouple probe holes at 5.0 mm (TC1) and 13.0 mm (TC2).
Experimental setup of implant osteotomy.
Infrared thermocamera images illustrating the area of maximum thermal emission
of BA (left) and BB (right) at implant osteotomy.
Boxplot of mean temperature change (°C) during IO compared between drilling groups (D1–4), measurement methods, artificial bone (BA) and bovine bone (BB).
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