Editorial Type:
Article Category: Research Article
 | 
Online Publication Date: 01 Oct 2019

The Impact of Different Augmentative Methods on the Expression of Inflammatory Factors

DDS,
DDS,
DDS,
MD, DDS,
Dr rer nat, and
DDS
Page Range: 356 – 361
DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-D-19-00050
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Many animal studies show that an intact periosteum plays an important role in osseous regeneration. The potential effect of an in vivo periosteal barrier membrane on the expression of specific proteins has not been examined sufficiently. The aim of the present study is to investigate the influence of the flap preparation method and collagen membrane on the emission of inflammatory factors. This study examines 20 patients with dental implants who had previously undergone an augmentation. A soft tissue sample was taken during augmentation and 3 months later from the same location. Samples were always taken from the margins of a previously prepared mucoperiosteal flap. The flap was raised with a conventional periosteal elevator in the control group and with a piezoelectric device in the test group. In both groups, we covered half of the augmented bone with a native collagen membrane (NCM; Geistlich Bio-Gide). This allowed us to examine the same incision area with and without a membrane. An immunohistochemical analysis was performed for collagen IV, fibronectin, and inflammatory factors such as cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and interleukin 6 (IL-6). There was a clear difference in the expression of specific proteins after the piezoelectric device and the periosteal elevator were used. The expression of fibronectin, IL-6, and COX-2 was higher after preparation with the periosteal elevator than after piezoelectric periosteum dissection. The expression of collagen IV was higher after the piezoelectric procedure. No difference was observed for CD31. The membrane had no effect on the expression of collagen IV, fibronectin, IL-6, and COX-2. The type of periosteal preparation influences the expression of specific proteins. With regard to the factors examined here, NCM did not appear to influence the wound healing cascade.

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  <sc>Figure 1</sc>
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Figure 1

Piezoelectric periosteal raise.


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  <sc>Figures 2–6</sc>
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Figures 2–6

Figure 2 . Expression of CD31. Figure 3. Expression of IL-6. Figure 4. Expression of collagen type IV. Figure 5. Expression of fibronectin. Figure 6. Expression of COX-2. R1 indicates periosteal elevator, day 0, without membrane; R1m, periosteal elevator, day 0, with membrane; P1, piezoelectric device, day 0, without membrane; P1m, piezoelectric device, day 0, with membrane; R2, periosteal elevator, after augmentation, without membrane; R2m, periosteal elevator, after augmentation, with membrane; P2, piezoelectric device, after augmentation, without membrane; P2m, piezoelectric device, after augmentation, with membrane.


Contributor Notes

Corresponding author, e-mail: vasileios.alevizakos@googlemail.com
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