Editorial Type:
Article Category: Research Article
 | 
Online Publication Date: 01 Dec 2017

Parameters to Define Peri-Implantitis: A Review and a Proposed Multi-Domain Scale

DDS, MS,
BDS, MS, PhD, and
DDS, MSD, PhD
Page Range: 491 – 496
DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-D-17-00035
Save
Download PDF

Peri-implant diseases have received much attention since dental implants are generally used in contemporary dentistry. Several contributing factors associated with the development of peri-implant diseases have also been investigated. The prevalence of peri-implantitis has been reported but with great heterogeneity because of a lack of a universally accepted classification system that could define the extent and severity of peri-implantitis. Several parameters—including radiographic bone loss, probing depth, bleeding on probing, and suppuration—have been introduced in these reports to assist with clinical diagnosis. This article provides an objective evaluation of these parameters based on currently available evidence, offers further recommendations, and proposes a multidomain scale for diagnosis of peri-implantitis. Future investigations and modifications may be needed to develop a comprehensive, evidence-based classification system that addresses the multifactorial etiology of peri-implant diseases.

<bold>
  <sc>Figure</sc>
</bold>
Figure

A 67-year-old Caucasian female received dental implant placement to replace the missing teeth #29 and #30. (a) Periapical radiograph was taken at the time of implant placement. (b) Another periapical radiograph was taken 1 year after definite restoration. This periapical radiograph is served as a baseline radiograph to represent radiographic bone level. (c) Periapical radiograph taken 2 years after crown delivery showed progressive peri-implant bone loss at distal aspect of #29. No apparent peri-implant bone loss was seen at #30. (d) A clinical picture taken 2 years after crown delivery showed inflamed peri-implant tissue with suppuration at #29 and #30. Based on the proposed multi-domain scale, #29 was determined with peri-implantitis and #30 was determined with peri-implant mucositis.


Contributor Notes

Corresponding author, e-mail: ghlin@umich.edu
  • Download PDF