Editorial Type:
Article Category: Research Article
 | 
Online Publication Date: 01 Jun 2016

Effect of Surface Nanotopography on Bone Response to Titanium Implant

DDS, MSc,
DDS, MSc,
DDS, MSc,
DDS, MSc, PhD,
DDS, MSc, PhD, and
DDS, MSc, PhD
Page Range: 240 – 247
DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-D-14-00254
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Clinical success of implant therapy is directly related to titanium (Ti) surface properties and the quality of bone tissue. The treatment of Ti implants with H2SO4/H2O2 is a feasible, reproducible, and low-cost technique to create surface nanotopography (Ti-Nano). As this nanotopography induces osteoblast differentiation, we hypothesized that it may affect bone response to Ti. Thus, this study was designed to evaluate the bone response to a machined Ti implant treated with H2SO4/H2O2 to generate Ti-Nano and to compare it with a commercially available microtopographic Ti implant (Ti-Porous). Implants were placed in rabbit tibias and evaluated after 2 and 6 weeks, and the bone tissue formed around them was assessed by microtomography to record bone volume, bone surface, specific bone surface, trabecular number, trabecular thickness, and trabecular separation. Undecalcified histological sections were used to determine the percentages of bone-to-implant contact, bone area formed between threads, and bone area formed in the mirror area. At the end of 6 weeks, the removal torque was evaluated using a digital torque gauge. The results showed bone formation in close contact with both Ti-Nano and Ti-Porous implants without relevant morphological and morphometric differences, in addition to a similar removal torque irrespective of surface topography. In conclusion, our results have shown that a simple and low-cost method using H2SO4/H2O2 is highly efficient for creating nanotopography on Ti surfaces, which elicits a similar bone response compared with microtopography presented in a commercially available Ti implant.

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  <sc>Figure 1</sc>
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Figure 1

Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of Ti-Nano (a, b) and Ti-Porous (c, d) surfaces.


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  <sc>Figure 2</sc>
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Figure 2

Three-dimensional reconstructed micro-CT images of rabbit tibia implanted with Ti-Nano (a, b) and Ti-Porous (c, d) at 2 weeks (a, c) and 6 weeks (b, d).


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  <sc>Figure 3</sc>
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Figure 3

Morphometric parameters, bone volume (a), bone surface (b), specific bone surface (c), trabecular number (d), trabecular thickness (e), and trabecular separation (f) obtained from 3-dimensional reconstructed micro-CT images of rabbit tibia implanted with Ti-Nano and Ti-Porous at 2 and 6 weeks. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (n = 6). Asterisks indicate statistically significant difference (P ≤ .05).


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  <sc>Figure 4</sc>
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Figure 4

Mesiodistal ground sections of rabbit tibia implanted with Ti-Nano (a, b) and Ti-Porous (c, d) at 2 weeks (a, c) and 6 weeks (b, d). Arrowheads (a and b) indicate layers of active osteoblasts and arrows (c and d), bone-to-implant contact. Alizarin red and Stevenel's blue.


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  <sc>Figures 5–6</sc>
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Figures 5–6

Figure 5. Morphometric parameters, bone-to-implant contact (BIC; a), mineralized bone area between threads (BABT; b), and mineralized bone area within mirror area (BAMA; c) obtained from mesiodistal ground sections of rabbit tibia implanted with Ti-Nano and Ti-Porous at 2 and 6 weeks. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (n = 6). Asterisks indicate statistically significant difference (P ≤ .05). Figure 6. Removal torque of Ti-Nano and Ti-Porous at 6 weeks. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (n = 6).


Contributor Notes

Corresponding author, e-mail: adalrosa@forp.usp.br
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