Fractal Patterns Applied to Implant Surface: Definitions and Perspectives
Fractal patterns are frequently found in nature, but they are difficult to reproduce in artificial objects such as implantable materials. In this article, a definition of the concept of fractals for osseointegrated surfaces is suggested, based on the search for quasi-self-similarity on at least 3 scales of investigation: microscale, nanoscale, and atomic/crystal scale. Following this definition, the fractal dimension of some surfaces may be defined (illustrated here with the Intra-Lock Ossean surface). However the biological effects of this architecture are still unknown and should be examined carefully in the future.
Following the classification system published in 2010, a fractal surface model can be defined as the repetition of a characteristic (or quasi-self-similarity) at the 3 scales of investigation (microscale, nanoscale, and atomic/crystal scale). The concept may be extended to the macrocharacteristics of the surface.
As shown in the 2010 classification article, the Intra-lock Ossean surface is a good illustration of fractal architecture. This scanning electron microscope picture clearly shows the nanoroughness covering the valleys and flanks of the microtopography. On the atomic scale, calcium phosphate low impregnation is detected. Three levels of self-similarity can therefore be defined.
Contributor Notes