Cellular Response of Titanium and Its Alloys as Implants
The cellular response of osteocytes to commercially pure titanium (α) and its alloys (α + β and β) has been tested in a culture media, and the results have been supplemented by analyses from various techniques such as inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopic (ICP-AES) analysis, X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), metallography, and electrochemical measurements. These results have been correlated with respect to the presence of various alloying elements in these alloys to qualify them for human application. The newer β alloys have been examined for their potential use as implants. These results serve as a preliminary baseline to characterize the best alloy system for a comprehensive long-term investigation.Abstract
Twelve-well sterile tissue culture plate with samples in position.
Roughness measurements (a and b) and total cell count analysis (c) for the titanium alloys.
Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopic (ICP-AES) analyses showing the amounts of alloying elements leached from the alloys, in addition to calcium and phosphorus from the nutrient media, as a function of time.
Figure 4. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopic (ICP-AES) analyses showing average profiles for various common elements in the alloys as a function of time, in addition to calcium and phosphorus coming from the nutrient media. Figure 5. Impedance plots (Nyquist and Bode) for TMZF alloy in PBS solution at 37°C.
Equivalent electric circuit used to simulate titanium alloy-PBS interface.
Figure 7. Cyclic potentiodynamic polarization curves for titanium alloys in PBS solution at 37°C. Figure 8. X-ray photoemission spectrometer (XPS) standard angle scan of titanium alloys.
(a) Scanning electron micrographs of the bone cells on various titanium alloys. (b) Optical microscopic images of the bone cells on various titanium alloys.
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