Surface Observation of Thin Hydroxyapatite-Coated Implants at 80 Months After Insertion

Tetsuya Sugiyama; Yasuo Miake; Yasutomo Yajima; Kohji Yamamoto; Kaoru Sakurai

doi:10.1563/AAID-JOI-D-09-00113.1

Article Contents

Abstract
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Results
Discussion
Abbreviations
Acknowledgments
References

Editorial Type:

Article Category: Research Article

Online Publication Date: 01 Apr 2011

Surface Observation of Thin Hydroxyapatite-Coated Implants at 80 Months After Insertion

DDS, PhD,

DDS, PhD, and

DDS, PhD

Page Range: 273 – 278

DOI: 10.1563/AAID-JOI-D-09-00113.1

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Abstract

We observed surfaces and cross sections of thin hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated implants produced by the thermal decomposition method in a patient attending our clinic who underwent implant removal at 80 months due to fracture of the implants. On the implant surfaces of the removed sample, most of the HA had dissolved, and extensive osseointegration was observed where Ti had closely bonded to bone. This indicated that the HA coated on the implant surfaces had disappeared and osseointegration had been established where Ti directly bonded to the bone. In addition, calcium titanate (CaTiO₃) and HA layers formed by the thermal decomposition method showed no desorption. The results clearly indicate the positive clinical potential of thin HA-coating by the thermal decomposition method.

Keywords: hydroxyapatite; HA; dental implant; thin HA coating; surface observation

Figure 1

Reflection electron image of removed sample at low magnification: dense bone (Bo) formation was observed around the implant (Ti).

Figures 2–5

Figure 2. Reflection electron image of removed sample: implant (Ti) showed close bonding to bone (Bo). Figure 3. Reflection electron image of control sample: hydroxyapatite (HA) layers a few micrometers thick were observed on Ti surfaces. Figure 4. Ca surface analysis of the control sample by electron probe microanalyzer (same area as in Figure 3). Light area on Ti surfaces is Ca, which indicates HA layers. Figure 5. Ca surface analysis of removed sample by electron probe microanalyzer (same area as in Figure 2). Light area on Ti surfaces is Ca, which indicates bone (Bo).

Figures 6–9

Figure 6. Reflection electron image of area where no bone formation was observed. No hydroxyapatite (HA) layers were observed on Ti surfaces. Figure 7. Ca surface analysis of area where no bone formation was observed by electron probe microanalyzer in removed sample (same area as in Figure 6). No Ca was observed on Ti surfaces. Figure 8. Highly magnified scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of cross section of focused ion beam (FIB)-treated sample. Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) (a) and calcium titanate (CaTiO₃) (b) layers were observed on Ti surface layers. Figure 9. Highly magnified SEM image of cross section of FIB-treated sample. TiO₂ (a), CaTiO₃ (b), and HA (c) layers were observed on Ti surface layers.