Editorial Type:
Article Category: Research Article
 | 
Online Publication Date: 01 Apr 2010

Impact of Smoking on Human Bone Apposition at Different Dental Implant Surfaces: A Histologic Study in Type IV Bone

DDS, MS, PhD,
DDS,
MD, DDS,
DDS, MS,
DDS, MS, PhD,
DDS,
DDS, PhD,
PhD,
DDS, and
DDS, MS, PhD
Page Range: 85 – 90
DOI: 10.1563/AAID-JOI-D-09-00018
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Abstract

Smoking has adverse effects on peri-implant bone healing and can cause bone loss around successfully integrated implants placed on type IV bone. This study evaluated the influence of implant surface topography of microimplants retrieved from posterior maxilla of smokers after 2 months of unloaded healing. Seven partially edentulous patients received 2 microimplants (machined and sandblasted acid-etched surface) each during conventional implant surgery. Histometric evaluation showed that the mean bone to implant contact was 10.40 ± 14.16% and 22.19 ± 14.68% to machined and sandblasted acid-etched surfaces, respectively (P < .001). These data suggest that the sandblasted acid-etched surface presented better results than the machined surface after a short healing time in smokers.

Keywords: dental implants; human histology; case control studies; smoking; implant surface topography
Copyright: American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine
Figure 1
Figure 1

(a) Scanning electron microscopy of the microimplant evaluate and atomic force microscopy of the implant surface topography. (b) Machined implant surface. (c) Sandblasted acid-etched surface.

Figures 2–5
Figures 2–5

Figure 2. Bone tissue is scarce around sandblasted acid-etched surface (Acid fuchsin and toluidine blue, original magnification ×16). Figure 3. Ground section of sandblasted acid-etched surface presenting osteoblasts connected (arrows) to newly formed bone tissue (NB) and connective tissue (CT). (Acid fuchsin and toluidine blue, original magnification ×100). Figure 4. Immature bone is present around the machined implant. The peri-implant bone presents early stages of maturation (NB) in contact with the pristine bone (arrows, OB). However, the NB stop before contact with the implant surface (I), suggesting indirect osteogenesis (Acid fuchsin and toluidine blue, original magnification ×40). Figure 5. Histologic ground section of machined surface presenting apposition of connective tissue (CT) between the newly formed bone (NB) in the apical area of the microimplant (Acid fuchsin and toluidine blue, original magnification ×40).

Contributor Notes

1 Oral Implantology Clinic, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brazil.
2 Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brazil.
3 University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
*Corresponding author, e-mail: jashibli@yahoo.com
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