Editorial Type:
Article Category: Research Article
 | 
Online Publication Date: 01 Feb 2008

Bone Response to New Modified Titanium Surface Implants in Nonhuman Primates (Papio ursinus) and Humans: Histological Evaluation

MD, DDS,
DDS,
DDS, PhD,
DDS, MD,
, and
MD, DDS
Page Range: 17 – 24
DOI: 10.1563/1548-1336(2008)34[17:BRTNMT]2.0.CO;2
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Abstract

The aim of this study is a comparative histological and histomorphometrical evaluation of the effect on early bone formation of 2 different implant surfaces: a machined and a new acid-etched implant surface (Leader, Milano, Italy). Ten screw-type microimplants were placed in 5 patients. Each patient received 2 microimplants (2 mm in diameter and 5 mm in length): 1 with a machined surface (control) and 1 with an acid-etched surface (test). The microimplants were retrieved after 60 days of healing with a 4-mm trephine bur and processed for histology. Moreover, 24 regular size implants—12 with a machined surface (control) and 12 with an acid-etched surface (test)—were placed in 2 adult nonhuman primates 3 months after the extraction of premolars and molars. Each animal received 3 machined implants (control) in the right hemimandible and 3 acid-etched implants (test) in the left hemimandible. The same animals received 3 control implants and 3 test implants in the rectus abdominis muscle. After 1 month, the implants were retrieved from the mandible and the rectus abdominis muscle and processed for histology. Histomorphometric evaluation demonstrated a higher bone-to-implant contact in the test implants compared with the controls in both primates (25.55% vs 15.8%) and humans (62% vs 45%). Moreover, in nonhuman primates after 1 month of healing, it was possible to observe a poor osseointegration in the control specimens, while newly formed bone in direct contact with test implants was evident. The rectus abdominis muscle specimens showed that the acid-etched surfaces can stimulate the formation and attachment of new connective and vascular tissues more than machined surfaces can. Implant surface geometry can speed up bone formation by the development of a special microenvironment that promotes angiogenesis. Long-term studies are needed to further test this new acid-etched implant surface.

Copyright: American Academy of Implant Dentistry



Contributor Notes

Carlo Mangano, MD, DDS, is an assistant professor of biomaterials sciences at the Dental School, University of Varese, Italy, and is in private practice in Gravedona (Como), Italy.

Vittoria Perrotti, DDS, is a PhD student and research fellow, Giovanna Iezzi, DDS, PhD, is a research fellow, Antonio Scarano, DDS, MD, is a researcher, Adriano Piattelli, MD, DDS, is a professor of oral pathology and medicine at the Dental School, University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy. Address correspondence to Dr Piattelli at Via F. Sciucchi 63, 66100 Chieti, Italy. (apiattelli@unich.it)

Francesco Mangano is in private practice in Gravedona (Como), Italy.

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