Preparation and Characterization of Anodized Titanium Surfaces and Their Effect on Osteoblast Responses
In this study, titanium (Ti) surface was modified by anodizing with a mixture of β-glycerophosphate sodium and calcium (Ca) acetate, and the anodized surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and electron probe microanalysis. In vitro osteoblast response to anodized oxide was also evaluated. The anodic oxide produced was observed to have interconnected pores (0.5–2 μm in diameter) and intermediate roughness (0.60–1.00 μm). In addition, anodic oxide was observed to have amorphous and anatase oxide. Calcium and phosphorus ions were deposited on the Ti oxide during anodization. Osteoblast differentiation, as indicated by alkaline phosphatase production, was enhanced on anodized surfaces. It was thus concluded from this study that Ca phosphate can be deposited on Ti surfaces by anodization. It was also concluded that the phenotypic expression of osteoblast was enhanced by the presence of Ca phosphate and higher roughness on anodized Ti surfaces.Abstract
Surface morphology of titanium control
Surface morphology of anodic oxide films of titanium in different compositions of β-glycerophosphate (β-GP) in 0.1 M of calcium acetate. (A) 0.02 M β-GP. (B) 0.03 M β-GP. (C) 0.04 M β-GP. (D) 0.05 M β-GP
X-ray diffraction patterns of anodic oxide films of titanium in different compositions of β-glycerophosphate (β-GP) in 0.1 M of CA. (a) 0.02 M β-GP. (b) 0.03 M β-GP. (c) 0.04 M β-GP. (d) 0.05 M β-GP
and 5. Figure 4. Cell layer and matrix-associated protein synthesis by human embryonic palatal mesenchyme cells cultured on (1) titanium and anodic oxide films of titanium in different compositions of β-glycerophosphate (β-GP) in 0.1 M of CA with (2) 0.02 M β-GP, (3) 0.03 M β-GP, (4) 0.04 M β-GP, and (5) 0.05 M β-GP. Figure 5. Alkaline phosphatase activity of human embryonic palatal mesenchyme cells cultured on (1) titanium and anodic oxide films of in different compositions of β-glycerophosphate (β-GP) in 0.1 M of CA with (2) 0.02 M β-GP, (3) 0.03 M β-GP, (4) 0.04 M β-GP, and (5) 0.05 M β-GP
Contributor Notes
Kyo-Han Kim, PhD, and Tae-Yub Kwon, DDS, PhD, are with the Department of Dental Biomaterials, College of Dentistry and Institute of Biomaterials Research and Development, Shin-Yoon Kim, MD, PhD, is with the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, and Inn-Kyu Kang, PhD, is with the Department of Polymer Science, College of Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.
Sukyoung Kim, PhD, is with the School of Materials Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Korea.
Yunzhi Yang, PhD, and Joo L. Ong, PhD, are with the Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tenn. Address correspondence to Joo L. Ong at the Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 920 Madison Avenue, Suite 1005, Memphis, TN 38163 (jong@utmem.edu).